Chú thích Thiên_kiến_xác_nhận

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  2. 1 2 Plous 1993, tr. 233
  3. ↑ Nickerson, Raymond S. (tháng 6 năm 1998). “Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises”. Review of General Psychology 2 (2): 175–220. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175.  ||ngày truy cập= cần |url= (trợ giúp)
  4. ↑ Darley, John M.; Gross, Paget H. (2000), “A Hypothesis-Confirming Bias in Labelling Effects”, trong Stangor, Charles, Stereotypes and prejudice: essential readings, Psychology Press, tr. 212, ISBN 978-0-86377-589-5, OCLC 42823720 
  5. ↑ Risen & Gilovich 2007
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  7. ↑ Nickerson 1998, tr. 177–178Lỗi harv: nhiều mục tiêu (2×): CITEREFNickerson1998 (trợ giúp)
  8. 1 2 3 4 Kunda 1999, tr. 112–115
  9. 1 2 Baron 2000, tr. 162–164
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  11. ↑ Devine, Patricia G.; Hirt, Edward R.; Gehrke, Elizabeth M. (1990), “Diagnostic and confirmation strategies in trait hypothesis testing”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 58 (6): 952–963, ISSN 1939-1315, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.952 
  12. ↑ Trope, Yaacov; Bassok, Miriam (1982), “Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 43 (1): 22–34, ISSN 1939-1315, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.22 
  13. 1 2 3 Klayman, Joshua; Ha, Young-Won (1987), “Confirmation, Disconfirmation and Information in Hypothesis Testing” (PDF), Psychological Review (American Psychological Association) 94 (2): 211–228, ISSN 0033-295X, doi:10.1037/0033-295X.94.2.211, truy cập ngày 14 tháng 8 năm 2009 
  14. 1 2 3 Oswald & Grosjean 2004, tr. 82–83
  15. ↑ Kunda, Ziva; Fong, G.T.; Sanitoso, R.; Reber, E. (1993), “Directional questions direct self-conceptions”, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Society of Experimental Social Psychology) 29: 62–63, ISSN 0022-1031  via Fine 2006, tr. 63–65
  16. ↑ Kida 2006, tr. 157
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lord, Charles G.; Ross, Lee; Lepper, Mark R. (1979), “Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 37 (11): 2098–2109, ISSN 0022-3514, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098 
  18. 1 2 Baron 2000, tr. 201–202
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  20. 1 2 3 4 Taber, Charles S.; Lodge, Milton (tháng 7 năm 2006), “Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs”, American Journal of Political Science (Midwest Political Science Association) 50 (3): 755–769, ISSN 0092-5853, doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x 
  21. 1 2 3 Westen, Drew; Blagov, Pavel S.; Harenski, Keith; Kilts, Clint; Hamann, Stephan (2006), “Neural Bases of Motivated Reasoning: An fMRI Study of Emotional Constraints on Partisan Political Judgment in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election”, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 18 (11): 1947–1958, PMID 17069484, doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1947, truy cập ngày 14 tháng 8 năm 2009 
  22. 1 2 Stanovich, K. E.; West, R. F.; Toplak, M. E. (2013). “Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 22 (4): 259–264. doi:10.1177/0963721413480174. 
  23. ↑ Gadenne, V.; Oswald, M. (1986), “Entstehung und Veränderung von Bestätigungstendenzen beim Testen von Hypothesen [Formation and alteration of confirmatory tendencies during the testing of hypotheses]”, Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 33: 360–374  via Oswald & Grosjean 2004, tr. 89
  24. ↑ Hastie, Reid; Park, Bernadette (2005), “The Relationship Between Memory and Judgment Depends on Whether the Judgment Task is Memory-Based or On-Line”, trong Hamilton, David L., Social cognition: key readings, New York: Psychology Press, tr. 394, ISBN 0-86377-591-8, OCLC 55078722 
  25. 1 2 3 Oswald & Grosjean 2004, tr. 88–89
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  30. 1 2 3 Levine, L.; Prohaska, V.; Burgess, S.L.; Rice, J.A.; Laulhere, T.M. (2001). “Remembering past emotions: The role of current appraisals.”. Cognition and Emotion 15: 393–417. doi:10.1080/02699930125955. 
  31. 1 2 Safer, M.A.; Bonanno, G.A.; Field, N. (2001). “"It was never that bad": Biased recall of grief and long-term adjustment to the death of a spouse”. Memory 9 (3): 195–203. doi:10.1080/09658210143000065. 
  32. 1 2 Russell, Dan; Jones, Warren H. (1980), “When superstition fails: Reactions to disconfirmation of paranormal beliefs”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (Society for Personality and Social Psychology) 6 (1): 83–88, ISSN 1552-7433, doi:10.1177/014616728061012  via Vyse 1997, tr. 121
  33. 1 2 3 Kuhn, Deanna; Lao, Joseph (tháng 3 năm 1996), “Effects of Evidence on Attitudes: Is Polarization the Norm?”, Psychological Science (American Psychological Society) 7 (2): 115–20, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00340.x 
  34. ↑ Baron 2000, tr. 201
  35. ↑ Miller, A.G.; McHoskey, J.W.; Bane, C.M.; Dowd, T.G. (1993), “The attitude polarization phenomenon: Role of response measure, attitude extremity, and behavioral consequences of reported attitude change”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 (4): 561–574, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.561 
  36. ↑ “backfire effect”. The Skeptic's Dictionary. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 4 năm 2012. 
  37. ↑ Silverman, Craig (ngày 17 tháng 6 năm 2011). “The Backfire Effect”. Columbia Journalism Review. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2012. When your deepest convictions are challenged by contradictory evidence, your beliefs get stronger. 
  38. ↑ Nyhan, Brendan; Reifler, Jason (2010). “When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions” (PDF). Political Behavior 32 (2): 303–330. doi:10.1007/s11109-010-9112-2. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2012. 
  39. 1 2 3 4 Ross, Lee; Anderson, Craig A. (1982), “Shortcomings in the attribution process: On the origins and maintenance of erroneous social assessments”, trong Kahneman, Daniel; Slovic, Paul; Tversky, Amos, Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases, Cambridge University Press, tr. 129–152, ISBN 978-0-521-28414-1, OCLC 7578020 
  40. 1 2 3 4 Nickerson 1998, tr. 187Lỗi harv: nhiều mục tiêu (2×): CITEREFNickerson1998 (trợ giúp)
  41. ↑ Kunda 1999, tr. 99
  42. ↑ Ross, Lee; Lepper, Mark R.; Hubbard, Michael (1975), “Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: Biased attributional processes in the debriefing paradigm”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 32 (5): 880–892, ISSN 0022-3514, PMID 1185517, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.32.5.880  via Kunda 1999, tr. 99
  43. 1 2 3 Anderson, Craig A.; Lepper, Mark R.; Ross, Lee (1980), “Perseverance of Social Theories: The Role of Explanation in the Persistence of Discredited Information”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 39 (6): 1037–1049, ISSN 0022-3514, doi:10.1037/h0077720 
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 Baron 2000, tr. 197–200
  45. 1 2 3 Fine 2006, tr. 66–70
  46. 1 2 Plous 1993, tr. 164–166
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  51. ↑ Stanovich, K. E.; West, R. F.; Toplak, M. E. (ngày 5 tháng 8 năm 2013). “Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 22 (4): 259–264. doi:10.1177/0963721413480174. 
  52. ↑ Baron, Jonathan (1995). “Myside bias in thinking about abortion.”. Thinking & Reasoning: 221–235. 
  53. 1 2 Wolfe, Christopher; Anne Britt (2008). “The locus of the myside bias in written argumentation.”. Thinking & Reasoning: 1–27. 
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  113. ↑ Kircher, Travis. “David Camm blogsite: opening statements”. WDRB. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 1 năm 2014. 
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  116. ↑ Zambroski,James. “Witness Says Prosecutor In First Camm Trial Blew Up When She Couldn't Link Camm's DNA To Boney's Shirt”. WAVE News. 
  117. ↑ Eisenmenger, Sarah (ngày 9 tháng 9 năm 2013). “Convicted Killer Charles Boney says David Camm was the shooter”. wave3. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2014. 
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  119. ↑ Adams, Harold J. (ngày 18 tháng 2 năm 2011). “David Camm's attorney's appeal ruling, seek prosecutor's removal”. Courier Journal, page B1. 
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  130. ↑ Shermer, Michael (tháng 7 năm 2006), “The Political Brain”, Scientific American, ISSN 0036-8733, truy cập ngày 14 tháng 8 năm 2009 
  131. ↑ PMID 21098355 (PMID 21098355)
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  132. ↑ Horrobin 1990
  133. 1 2 Swann, William B.; Pelham, Brett W.; Krull, Douglas S. (1989), “Agreeable Fancy or Disagreeable Truth? Reconciling Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 57 (5): 782–791, ISSN 0022-3514, PMID 2810025, doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.782 
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  135. ↑ Story, Amber L. (1998), “Self-Esteem and Memory for Favorable and Unfavorable Personality Feedback”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (Society for Personality and Social Psychology) 24 (1): 51–64, ISSN 1552-7433, doi:10.1177/0146167298241004 
  136. ↑ White, Michael J.; Brockett, Daniel R.; Overstreet, Belinda G. (1993), “Confirmatory Bias in Evaluating Personality Test Information: Am I Really That Kind of Person?”, Journal of Counseling Psychology (American Psychological Association) 40 (1): 120–126, ISSN 0022-0167, doi:10.1037/0022-0167.40.1.120 
  137. ↑ Swann, William B.; Read, Stephen J. (1981), “Acquiring Self-Knowledge: The Search for Feedback That Fits”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 41 (6): 1119–1128, ISSN 0022-3514 
  138. ↑ Shrauger, J. Sidney; Lund, Adrian K. (1975), “Self-evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others”, Journal of Personality (Duke University Press) 43 (1): 94–108, PMID 1142062, doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00574 

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